ch. 15 | the urinary system & fluid, electrolyte, & acid-base balance

functions:

kidney:

• tubule & duct cells return about 99% of the filtered water & many useful solutes to the blood 
• only 1% of the filtered water actually leaves the body in urine 

glomerulus: tangled capillary network

nephrons: function units; each nephron extends from the cortex to the medulla

• urinary bladder: temporary storage area
• micturition/void: act of expelling urine from urinary bladder
• incontinence: inability to retain urine, semen, or feces through loss of sphincter control

• intracellular fluid: fluid w/in cells- 2/3rds of body fuid
• extracellular fluid: fluid outside cells- 1/3rd of body fluid

• dehydration: water loss is greater than water gain
• water levels also depend on changes in NaCl levels

• buffers help to maintain pH levels w/in a narrow range: 7.35-7.45
• acidosis: condition in which blood pH is below 7.35
• alkalosis: condition in which blood pH is higher than 7.45