Motivation and Emotion

Emotion: combo of arousal, physical sensations, & subjective feelings, occurs spontaneously/ automatically in response to envir. stimuli
Motivation: arouses, maintains, & guides behavior toward a goal; begins w stimulus (external or internal)

• relationship btwn them: tightly related, both subjective, similar processes & structures in brain, overlapping characteristics

Mood: more general than emotion, can feel different emotions while in a certain mood
Homeostasis: steady internal balance/equilibrium
Set point: value that is defended to maintain homeostasis

Drive: state of tension & arousal triggered by cues important for survival --> action --> drive Reduction: state of relief & reward by removing tension & arousal from state of drive
Incentive: reward, pulls behaviors in particular direction

• drive = push, incentive = pull

Intrinsic rewards: reward arises from w/in, ex. goal is met/feeling of accomplishment
Extrinsic: reward from outside, ex. money/praise

Hunger

• internal cues: body needs nutrients
• external cues: smell of food, time of day
• glucose: type of sugar, plays role in hunger levels
• glucose levels positive relationship w insulin <-- released by pancreas
• insulin moves glucose from blood into cells
• low levels of stored fat = hungry
• body monitors fat stores by leptin: hormone secreted by fat cells, help body maintain appropriate level of stored fat 
• fat stores & leptin = positively correlated
• low fat stores --> activate parasympathetic (autonomic nervous sys.) --> metabolism slows
• feeding stimulated by ghrelin & orexins
• satiety: feeling full