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| let's hope this game will be over soon c. 1788 top 2 estates literally sitting on the backs of the 98% |
1. clergy
2. aristocracy
3. 98%:
a. bourgeoisie (parisians, intelligentsia, factory owners)
b. petit bourgeoise (small scale merchants, shop keepers, can afford to hire employees but also work besides them, small business owners)
c. laborers (urban & rural)
- 98% banned together during french revolution until around 1830
-abolishing monarchy
-establishment of secular & quasi-democratic-republic until monarchy is restored
-bourgeoisie gains power but lowest class doesn't get enough representation/rights --> insurrections
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| 28th of july: liberty leading the people- delacroix 1830 |
- crisis of the bourgeois public sphere: event in which there is a struggle in the bourgeois
an imaginary community of enlightened audience members who are invested in ideals of equality,
ideologically aligned w 3rd estate but still follow certain old ideas of hierarchy & gender roles
-comes into crisis due to rural radicalism: calls for political empowerment by rural classes & women
-uprising's focus goes from political emancipation to both political & economical emancipation
-technically part of the petit bourgeoisie but empathetic to plight of rural underclasses
-studies painting w second rate academic painters (parents did not want him to be a painter)
uses local/earthy/unmodified/unromanticized colors
lack of depth, stark color contrast, print-influenced
-one of the founders of realism
bringing stories & life experiences of marginalized to eyes of bourgeoisie public sphere
-art known as avant-garde (not just in aesthetic but in subtle departure from refined but also bc of his politics)
-bourgeoisie like his style but not his politics
-courbet's realism is a bit of both modern & avant-garde
-doesn't engage in spring of nations; wages an "intellectual" war
-believed "art cannot be taught"
artists can commune w others & learn from that instead of hierarchical state-run institutions
trio of courbet paintings:
spring of nations 1848:
-people occupied paris streets to keep french military out
-revolutions of 1848 brought attention to relations btwn econ. class & politcal power
-communist manifesto- karl marx (1848): critique of capitalism, class struggle
-courbet went to jail for revolutionary instigation
-destruction of monuments representing old france
-becomes crisis for artists too bc they aren't beholden to church & state as patrons anymore
-artists to be skeptical of bourgeoisie (who are now patrons) & the tastes of mass public -->
-artists to be skeptical of bourgeoisie (who are now patrons) & the tastes of mass public -->
caught btwn economic classes
-technically part of the petit bourgeoisie but empathetic to plight of rural underclasses
-studies painting w second rate academic painters (parents did not want him to be a painter)
uses local/earthy/unmodified/unromanticized colors
lack of depth, stark color contrast, print-influenced
-one of the founders of realism
bringing stories & life experiences of marginalized to eyes of bourgeoisie public sphere
-art known as avant-garde (not just in aesthetic but in subtle departure from refined but also bc of his politics)
-bourgeoisie like his style but not his politics
-courbet's realism is a bit of both modern & avant-garde
-doesn't engage in spring of nations; wages an "intellectual" war
-believed "art cannot be taught"
artists can commune w others & learn from that instead of hierarchical state-run institutions
 |
| a burial at ornans-courbet 1849 huge, crucifix on a higher band dark clothing blends in together funeral for courbet's uncle used conventions of history painting |
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| pierre-joseph proudhon portrait- courbet 1865 father of anarchism (?) |
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| the meeting (bonjour monsieur courbet)- courbet 1854 illustrational quality, dark lines/flatness |
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| studio of the painter: a real allegory summing up seven years of my artistic life- courbet 1854-55 unfinished state symbols of death of romantic art movement modern: flattening materialism of painted surface, democracy of monochromatic palette, unsentimental images |
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| after dinner at ornans- gustave courbet 1849genre painting painted at the scale of a history painting unromanticized, doesn't make it pretty, signals he wants to be an artist for the people/rural underclasses |
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| stonebreakers- courbet 1850 quasi-anonymous rough landscape rendering, unpolished/crudeness quality portrait of who gets left behind in industrial revolution humans like machines ominous feeling from dark background |
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| peasants of flagey returning from the fair- courbet 1849 rough handling of the subjects, "ugly" see faces but not broadly recognizable |
modern vs. avant-garde:
- modernist: embraces materiality of form (flatness & representation) formal invention, artistic autonomy
- avant-garde: dedicated to bring art close to life by commenting on politics, everyday life, etc. turn passive people into active, revolution
-realism was avant-garde for politics
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| man w a hoe- jean-francois millet realism, influenced courrbet c. 1860 |
- conservative vein of realism arose to combat ideological positions supported by avant-garde artists who were sympathetic to communism
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| plowing in the nivernais- rosa bonheur 1849 academic realism romantic, ideal |
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| the barricade in rue mortellerie, paris- mesissonier june 1848 |
-revolutions of 1848 brought attention to relations btwn econ. class & politcal power
-communist manifesto- karl marx (1848): critique of capitalism, class struggle
-courbet went to jail for revolutionary instigation
-destruction of monuments representing old france
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