- prescient: having or showing knowledge of events before they take place
- formation of the field, designers that forged key ideas, thought leaders that influenced the world of contemporary design
Norman Bel Geddes
-industrial/stage designer
-industrial/stage designer
-how will design in future differ from design in past?
-futurist
-saw beauty in functionality
-used notion of industrial design & art in the same sentence
-saw beauty in functionality
-used notion of industrial design & art in the same sentence
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| book: Horizons saw a new horizon/age in all diff. types of designs 1932- throes of depression |
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| designed general motors pavilion at 1939 world's fair stage about car culture |
industrial designs:
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| patriot radio |
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| 1939 taxi cab for the future 3 wheels, sideways opening door, windows for views |
-prominent critic
-book: art and industry (1934): juxtaposing art & industry in same sentence; arguments for unadorned, functional products
-industrial design = works of art w utilitarian function
-book: art and industry (1934): juxtaposing art & industry in same sentence; arguments for unadorned, functional products
-industrial design = works of art w utilitarian function
- both read & bel geddes envisioning new horizon for industrial design
Sheldon & Martha Cheney
-explored aesthetic appeal of streamlined industrial shapes & design
-industrial design= artists' contribution to mass production
-industrial design= artists' contribution to mass production
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| book- art and the machine: an account of industrial design in 20th century america historiography |
- Cheneys evoked Philip Johnson's exhibition at MoMA titled "Machine art":
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| unprecedented 402 industrialized massed produced objects, in museum setting considered them objects of art beauty in design & choice of material, in machine aesthetic |
- josef albers did the photography:
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| scientific glass for labs |
- ergonomics: human product interaction; the study of people's efficiency in their working environment ex. kitchen products w handles such as can openers
Henry Dreyfuss
-pioneered field of ergonomics
-"if people are made safer, more comfortable...or just plain happier by contact w the product then the designer has succeeded"
-standardized human body to understand roughly how he should create his products to be helpful & comfortable for people
-pioneered field of ergonomics
-"if people are made safer, more comfortable...or just plain happier by contact w the product then the designer has succeeded"
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| book: designing for people spearheaded ergonomics |
-tough sell to standardize humanity but he was trying to design something where ergonomics came into play; ex. how big, high, far should a desk be?
-his products on diff scales:
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| 1930s completely innovative investigation in ergonomics made him realize earpiece & voice piece should be the same |
- designer as experimenter, futurist, forward thinker
-author, designer, inventor, futurist
-idea that design could benefit humanity
-idea that design could benefit humanity
-low point in life --> took stock --> went to figure out what a single individual could do that would benefit humanity --> popularized geodesic dome
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| sustain weight, stable, provided inexpensive lattice structure (ex. for military, homeless, etc.) contributed to marine barracks |
-interest in energy efficient structures, inexpensive prefabricated buildings assembled offsite & airlifted to a location
-dymaxium car: streamlining & (fuel) efficiency; 3 wheels for tighter turning radius, 11 seater
-dymaxium car: streamlining & (fuel) efficiency; 3 wheels for tighter turning radius, 11 seater
-interest in solar & wind energy in 1930s
Rachel Carson
-designer, scientist, marine biologist; huge impact on contemporary design
-considered to spearhead modern environmental movement; sustainability
-considered to spearhead modern environmental movement; sustainability
-famous for campaigning for elimination of DET (killed insects but led to cancer)
-alerted people to dangers of synthetic pesticides on wildlife & humanity
-called to white house by JFK, he started investigation about it --> regulation of chemical pesticides
-she started in 1960s but not until 1970s did the US establish EPA
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| book- silent spring (1962) |
Victor Papanek
-"the only important thing about design is how it relates to people"
-interested in environment, design, not creating environmental noise, democratization of design
-interested in environment, design, not creating environmental noise, democratization of design
-concern: designer & accountability
-"there are professions more harmful than industrial design but only very few of them"
-calling designer to task for putting so much into the environment (ex. car design), for responsible design
-ultimate job of design is to transform man's environment & tools & in extension, change man himself
-ultimate job of design is to transform man's environment & tools & in extension, change man himself
-against how we are held hostage by design
-foreshadows contemporary designers who question consumers' wants & needs
-book- design for the real world (1970): couldn't get american publisher at first so first published in sweden; starts the rant right on the cover
-intention of book was a call to task for those who design autos which may be unsafe, creation of landfills, etc.
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| concerned about inflated ideas in design |
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