impressionism:
moved away from courbet's politcal opinions
-effervescent color & brushwork --> "group style"
-name "impressionism" comes from negative critic saying the art was just a mere impression
artists embraced the term
-evokes individual transitory vision that belonged to a singular person (artist)
-shift from regular visual representation to optical effects
-en plein air --> momentary/transient impression = modern
artists embraced the term
-evokes individual transitory vision that belonged to a singular person (artist)
-shift from regular visual representation to optical effects
-en plein air --> momentary/transient impression = modern
monet:
-high-key color
-broken brushwork
-dynamic compositions
-celebrated instantaneous quality of vision, beauties of nature
-en plein air
-en plein air
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impression: sunrise- claude monet
1872, oil on canvas
en plein air, no preliminary sketch
short brushstrokes of pure color
smallness is emblematic of impressionist movementabsence of contour line & chiascurro all light & darks given colors apparent brushwork no lines & delineation of perspective |
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| boulevard des capucines- monet 1873 |
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| la gare saint-lazare- monet 1877 steam engine = modern crystalline architecture |
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| the plum- manet c. 1877 important role of cafe life blase attitude |
- blase outlook - detached attitude that characterizes new urban individual, relating to new intellectual & psychological distance to compensate for city's crowdedness
edgar degas:
-did not work in plein-air
-figures don't make eye-contact= detachment --> "unedited fragment of time & space"
-ballerinas
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| place de la concorde- degas 1875 figures gathered arbitrarily large open places almost monochrome empty center images pushed towards edges public plaza where a guillotine who executed a king plaza de revolucion modern alienation figures seem disassociated/disconnected |
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| at the races- degas 1877-80 frivolity, enjoyment, leisure |
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| dancers practicing at the barre- degas 1877 |
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| l'absinthe- degas 1876 important role of cafe life washed out form viewer is positioned as if near & part of the scene use of furniture to make bring viewer in |
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| la loge- renoir 1874 fashion helps viewer connect |
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paris: a rainy day- gustave caillebotte
1877, oil on canvas
transitory bc buildings & people are cut off
brushstrokes are not like monet's impressionistic ones
subject is impressionist
setting: junction of new boulevards (redesigning of Paris in 1852)
newly haussmannized parts of city (Napoleon III ordered Paris rebuilt)
composition is asymmetrical & violated academic norms
"impression" of modern urban life
perspective is strangesameness of figures disconnected gazes |
feminist + impressionism:
-different dynamic to men & women's artwork
-complications of modernity
women are dressed up "for sale"
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| la loge- renoir |
AND
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| a bar at the folies bergere- manet |
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| at the cradle- berthe morisot 1872 came from family of artists related to fragonard drew manet into impressionist circle |
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| hanging the laundry out to dry- morisot 1875 |
-sense of casual instantaneity
-snapshot way of angling & cropping views
-images of comfortable bourgeois domesticity
-high impressionist colors
-fluent line inspired by japanese prints
-involve viewer in human relationships that are innocent & sensual
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| breakfast in bed- mary cassatt 1897 intimacy of woman as caretaker of children sketchy brushwork characteristic of impressionism but devoted fleshiness really flat cup gives variations in brushwork/detail |
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| woman in black at the opera 1880 cassatt very different than renoir's woman at opera |
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| the child's bath- cassatt 1893 |
- "modernity and the spaces of feminity" griselda pollack
-blind spot in t.j. clark's definition of modernity: could women even experience modernity?
-spaces that are inaccessible to women unless they are working there (cafe, brothel, theatre, etc.)
-women painted theatre (lodges) & parks where ladies exist but not spaces of "fallen women"
ends of impressionism:
-impressionism was brief
-monet moves to country
focus moves from content/subject matter to exploring colors/nature/light
process become somewhat quasi-industrial despite his attempt to avoid that
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| haystacks (end of summer)- monet 1891 |
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| haystacks (effect of snow & sun)- monet 1891 brushstrokes are foreshadowing points/pointillism |
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| the four trees- monet 1891 suggestion of continuity of all things flatness to picture no local color color is impressionistic/expressionistic emotionally-driven choice of color no linear perspective painting is about atmosphere, light, & color |
- returned to paris to paint:
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| rouen cathedral facade (sunlight)- monet 1892-94 |
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| rouen cathedral facade (sunset)- monet 1892-94 explore effects of light dramatically different color schemes fast brushwork |
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| water lilies- monet 1914-26 built himself a garden pond specifically to paint it light & perception occurs in purest form ends career painting water lillies water is purest metaphor for impressionist painting pure reflection, play of light on surfaces triptych exceeds peripheral vision |
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